Because of AI's capacity to weave information and rules with acquired experience to support decision-making, it can be applied to enable a larger set of workers possessing complementary knowledge to perform some of the higher-stakes decision-making tasks that are currently arrogated to elite experts, e.g., medical care to doctors, document production to lawyers, software coding to computer engineers, and undergraduate education to professors. ...
It would simultaneously temper the monopoly power that doctors hold over medical care, lawyers over document production, software engineers over computer code, professors over undergraduate education, etc. ...
topWorkers who in earlier decades would have qualified for mass expertise jobs in clerical, ad6 ministrative and production occupations were instead shunted into non-routine, hands-on service occupations
topIf AI unleashes a surge of productivity in radiology, customer service, software coding, copywriting and many other domains, won't that mean that we'll be left with fewer workers doing the jobs previously done by many
topWorkers who in earlier decades would have qualified for mass expertise jobs in clerical, ad6 ministrative and production occupations were instead shunted into non-routine, hands-on service occupations.
topIf AI unleashes a surge of productivity in radiology, customer service, software coding, copywriting and many other domains, won't that mean that we'll be left with fewer workers doing the jobs previously...
topIf AI unleashes a surge of productivity in radiology, customer service, software coding, copywriting and many other domains, won't that mean that we'll be left with fewer workers doing...
topWorkers who in earlier decades would have qualified for mass expertise jobs in clerical, ad6 ministrative and production occupations were instead shunted into non-routine, hands-on service occupations
top... would have qualified for mass expertise jobs in clerical, ad6 ministrative and production occupations were instead shunted into non-routine, hands-on service occupations.
topBecause many high-paid jobs are intensive in non-routine tasks, Polanyi's Paradox proved a major constraint on what work traditional computers could do (Autor, 2014)
topWorkers who in earlier decades would have qualified for mass expertise jobs in clerical, ad6 ministrative and production occupations were instead shunted into non-routine, hands-on service occupations
topBecause many high-paid jobs are intensive in non-routine tasks, Polanyi's Paradox proved a major constraint on what work traditional computers could do (Autor, 2014)
topBecause many high-paid jobs are intensive in non-routine tasks, Polanyi's Paradox proved a major constraint on what work traditional computers could do (Autor, 2014).
topNot only could this dampen earnings inequality and lower the costs of key services like healthcare and education, but it could also help restore the quality, stature and agency that has been lost to too many workers and jobs
top... the higher-stakes decision-making tasks that are currently arrogated to elite experts, e.g., medical care to doctors, document production to lawyers, software coding to computer engineers, and undergraduate education to professors
topIt would simultaneously temper the monopoly power that doctors hold over medical care, lawyers over document production, software engineers over computer code, professors over undergraduate education, etc
top... workers possessing complementary knowledge to perform some of the higher-stakes decision-making tasks that are currently arrogated to elite experts, e.g., medical care to doctors, document production to lawyers, software coding to computer engineers, and undergraduate education to professors
topIt would simultaneously temper the monopoly power that doctors hold over medical care, lawyers over document production, software engineers over computer code, professors over undergraduate education, etc
top... currently arrogated to elite experts, e.g., medical care to doctors, document production to lawyers, software coding to computer engineers, and undergraduate education to professors.
top... monopoly power that doctors hold over medical care, lawyers over document production, software engineers over computer code, professors over undergraduate education, etc.
top... complementary knowledge to perform some of the higher-stakes decision-making tasks that are currently arrogated to elite experts, e.g., medical care to doctors, document production to lawyers, software coding to computer engineers, and undergraduate education to professors
topIt would simultaneously temper the monopoly power that doctors hold over medical care, lawyers over document production, software engineers over computer code, professors over undergraduate education, etc
topBecause of AI's capacity to weave information and rules with acquired experience to support decision-making, it can be applied to enable a larger set of workers possessing complementary knowledge to perform some of the higher-stakes decision-making tasks that...
top... 2The original is, "La fatalit e triomphe d`es que l'on croit en elle" (de Beauvoir, 1952) 3Though not covered in this essay, see Acemoglu and Johnson (2023) and Acemoglu, Autor and Johnson (2023) for practical ideas on how to target these goals3 complex work of artisans into discreet, self-contained...
topIt would simultaneously temper the monopoly power that doctors hold over medical care, lawyers over document production, software engineers over computer code, professors over undergraduate education,...
topBecause of AI's capacity to weave information and rules with acquired experience to support decision-making, it can be applied to enable a larger set of workers possessing complementary knowledge...
topBecause artificial intelligence can weave information and rules with acquired experience to support decision-making, it can enable a larger set of workers equipped with necessary foundational training to...
top... acquired experience to support decision-making, it can be applied to enable a larger set of workers possessing complementary knowledge to perform some of the higher-stakes decision-making tasks that are currently arrogated to elite experts, e.g., medical care to doctors, document production to lawyers, software coding to...
top... rules with acquired experience to support decision-making, it can enable a larger set of workers equipped with necessary foundational training to perform higher-stakes decision-making tasks currently arrogated to elite experts, such as doctors, lawyers, software engineers and college professors
top... larger set of workers possessing complementary knowledge to perform some of the higher-stakes decision-making tasks that are currently arrogated to elite experts, e.g., medical care to doctors, document production to lawyers, software coding to computer engineers, and undergraduate education to professors
top... enable a larger set of workers equipped with necessary foundational training to perform higher-stakes decision-making tasks currently arrogated to elite experts, such as doctors, lawyers, software engineers and college professors
top... of workers equipped with necessary foundational training to perform higher-stakes decision-making tasks currently arrogated to elite experts, such as doctors, lawyers, software engineers and college professors.
top... applied to enable a larger set of workers possessing complementary knowledge to perform some of the higher-stakes decision-making tasks that are currently arrogated to elite experts, e.g., medical care to doctors, document production to lawyers, software coding to computer engineers, and undergraduate education to...
top... decision-making, it can enable a larger set of workers equipped with necessary foundational training to perform higher-stakes decision-making tasks currently arrogated to elite experts, such as doctors, lawyers, software engineers and college professors
top... decision-making tasks that are currently arrogated to elite experts, e.g., medical care to doctors, document production to lawyers, software coding to computer engineers, and undergraduate education to professors.
topIt would simultaneously temper the monopoly power that doctors hold over medical care, lawyers over document production, software engineers over computer code, professors over undergraduate education, etc.
top... knowledge to perform some of the higher-stakes decision-making tasks that are currently arrogated to elite experts, e.g., medical care to doctors, document production to lawyers, software coding to computer engineers, and undergraduate education to professors
topComputers enabled professionals to spend less time acquiring and organizing information, and more time interpreting and applying that information - that is, engaged in actual decision-making
top... enabling a larger set of non-elite workers to engage in high-stakes decision-making. It would simultaneously temper the monopoly power that doctors hold over medical care, lawyers over document production, software engineers over computer code, professors over undergraduate education, etc
topIt would support and supplement judgment, thus enabling a larger set of non-elite workers to engage in high-stakes decision-making. It would simultaneously temper the monopoly power that doctors hold over medical care, lawyers over...
topComputers enabled professionals to spend less time acquiring and organizing information, and more time interpreting and applying that information - that is, engaged in actual decision-making
top... non-routine tasks, Polanyi's Paradox proved a major constraint on what work traditional computers could do (Autor, 2014). Managers, professionals and technical workers are regularly called upon to exercise judgment (not rules) on one-off, high-stakes cases: choosing a treatment plan for an oncology patient,...
top... cases: choosing a treatment plan for an oncology patient, crafting a legal brief, leading a team or organization, designing a building, engineering a software product or safely landing a plane in dangerous conditions.
top... choosing a treatment plan for an oncology patient, crafting a legal brief, leading a team or organization, designing a building, engineering a software product or safely landing a plane in dangerous conditions.
topManagers, professionals and technical workers are regularly called upon to exercise judgment (not rules) on one-off, high-stakes cases: choosing a treatment plan for an oncology patient, crafting a legal brief, leading a team or organization, designing a building, engineering...
topWhat makes the NP occupation relevant here is that it offers an uncommonly large-scale case where high-stakes professional tasks - diagnosing, treating and prescribing - have been reallocated (or co-assigned) from the most elite...
topManagers, professionals and technical workers are regularly called upon to exercise judgment (not rules) on one-off, high-stakes cases: choosing a treatment plan for an oncology patient,...
top... relevant here is that it offers an uncommonly large-scale case where high-stakes professional tasks - diagnosing, treating and prescribing - have been reallocated (or co-assigned) from the most elite professional workers (MDs) to another set of professionals (NPs) with somewhat less elite (though still substantial)...
top... makes the NP occupation relevant here is that it offers an uncommonly large-scale case where high-stakes professional tasks - diagnosing, treating and prescribing - have been reallocated (or co-assigned) from the most elite professional workers (MDs) to another set of professionals (NPs) with somewhat less elite...
topThis was a doubleedged sword, however: computers automated away the mass expertise of the non-elite workers on whom professionals used to rely.. . Ironically, computerization proved just as consequential for those employed in non-expert work
topMany of the lowest-paid jobs in industrialized countries are found in hands-on service occupations: food service, cleaning and janitorial services, security, and personal care
top... earlier decades would have qualified for mass expertise jobs in clerical, ad6 ministrative and production occupations were instead shunted into non-routine, hands-on service occupations.
topMany of the lowest-paid jobs in industrialized countries are found in hands-on service occupations: food service, cleaning and janitorial services, security, and personal care.
topMany of the lowest-paid jobs in industrialized countries are found in hands-on service occupations: food service, cleaning and janitorial services, security, and personal care.
top... who in earlier decades would have qualified for mass expertise jobs in clerical, ad6 ministrative and production occupations were instead shunted into non-routine, hands-on service occupations.
topworkers were on farms, the fields of health and medical care, finance and insurance, and software and computing had barely germinated.. . The majority of contemporary jobs are not remnants of historical occupations that have so far escaped automation...
topAlthough these jobs demand dexterity, sightedness, simple communication skills and common sense - and are therefore non-routine tasks, ill-suited to computerization - they are nevertheless low paid because...
topAlthough these jobs demand dexterity, sightedness, simple communication skills and common sense - and are therefore non-routine tasks, ill-suited to computerization - they are nevertheless low paid because they require little expertise: Most able-bodied adults can do them with...
topBy making information and calculation cheap and abundant, computerization catalyzed an unprecedented concentration of decision-making power, and accompanying resources, among...
topAlthough these jobs demand dexterity, sightedness, simple communication skills and common sense - and are therefore non-routine tasks, ill-suited to computerization - they are nevertheless low paid because they require little expertise: Most able-bodied adults can do them with minimal training...
top... calculation cheap and abundant, computerization catalyzed an unprecedented concentration of decision-making power, and accompanying resources, among elite experts (Deming, 2021).
topBy making information and calculation cheap and abundant, computerization catalyzed an unprecedented concentration of decision-making power, and accompanying resources, among elite experts (Deming, 2021)
top... fields of health and medical care, finance and insurance, and software and computing had barely germinated.. . The majority of contemporary jobs are not remnants of historical occupations that have so far escaped automation (Autor et al., forthcoming)
topSimultaneously, many of the most highly paid jobs in industrialized economies - oncologists, software engineers, patent lawyers, therapists, movie stars - did not exist until specific technological or social innovations created a need for them
topSimultaneously, many of the most highly paid jobs in industrialized economies - oncologists, software engineers, patent lawyers, therapists, movie stars - did not exist until specific technological or social innovations created a need for them
top... exist many tasks that human beings intuitively understand how to perform but whose rules and procedures they cannot verbalize - is often referred to as Polanyi's Paradox .. . Because many high-paid jobs are intensive in non-routine tasks, Polanyi's Paradox proved a major constraint on what work traditional computers...
topThis observation - that there exist many tasks that human beings intuitively understand how to perform but whose rules and procedures they cannot verbalize - is often referred to as Polanyi's Paradox .. . Because many high-paid jobs are intensive in non-routine tasks, Polanyi's Paradox proved a major...
top... training or certification, such as restaurant servers, janitors, manual laborers and (even) childcare workers, are typically found at the bottom of the wage ladder.
topJobs that require little training or certification, such as restaurant servers, janitors, manual laborers and (even) childcare workers, are typically found at the bottom of the wage ladder
topJobs that require little training or certification, such as restaurant servers, janitors, manual laborers and (even) childcare workers, are typically found at the bottom of the wage ladder
topJobs that require little training or certification, such as restaurant servers, janitors, manual laborers and (even) childcare workers, are typically found at the bottom of the wage ladder.
topJobs that require little training or certification, such as restaurant servers, janitors, manual laborers and (even) childcare workers, are typically found at the bottom of the wage ladder
topMany of the lowest-paid jobs in industrialized countries are found in hands-on service occupations: food service, cleaning and janitorial services, security, and personal care
topExpertise is the primary source of labor's value in the US and other industrialized countries. Jobs that require little training or certification, such as restaurant servers, janitors, manual laborers and (even) childcare workers, are typically found at the bottom of the wage ladder
topIronically, computerization proved just as consequential for those employed in non-expert work. Many of the lowest-paid jobs in industrialized countries are found in hands-on service occupations: food service, cleaning and janitorial services,...
topMany of the lowest-paid jobs in industrialized countries are found in hands-on service occupations: food service, cleaning and janitorial services, security, and personal care
topMany of the lowest-paid jobs in industrialized countries are found in hands-on service occupations: food service, cleaning and janitorial services, security, and personal care.
topNot only could this dampen earnings inequality and lower the costs of key services like healthcare and education, but it could also help restore the quality, stature and agency that has been lost to too many workers and jobs
topBecause of AI's capacity to weave information and rules with acquired experience to support decision-making, it can be applied to enable a larger set of workers possessing complementary knowledge to perform some of the higher-stakes decision-making tasks that are currently arrogated to elite experts, e.g., medical...
top... classical performer playing only the notes on the sheet music, AI is more like a jazz musician - riffing on existing melodies, taking improvisational solos and humming new tunes.
topIf a traditional computer program is akin to a classical performer playing only the notes on the sheet music, AI is more like a jazz musician - riffing on existing melodies, taking improvisational solos and humming new tunes
topPrior to the computer era, there was essentially only one tool for symbolic processing: the human mind. The computer provided a second such tool, one with extraordinary capabilities and profound limitations
topIf a traditional computer program is akin to a classical performer playing only the notes on the sheet music, AI is more like a jazz musician - riffing on existing melodies, taking improvisational solos and humming new tunes
top... traditional computer program is akin to a classical performer playing only the notes on the sheet music, AI is more like a jazz musician - riffing on existing melodies, taking improvisational solos and humming new tunes.
top... classical performer playing only the notes on the sheet music, AI is more like a jazz musician - riffing on existing melodies, taking improvisational solos and humming new tunes. Like a human expert, AI can weave formal knowledge (rules) with acquired experience to make - or support - one-off, high-stakes...
topWon't AI do for human expertise what tractors did for ditch digging, assembly lines for artisanal expertise and calculators for long division - that is, automate them.
topWon't AI do for human expertise what tractors did for ditch digging, assembly lines for artisanal expertise and calculators for long division - that is, automate them