Knowledge Diagram Navigation:

Spatial co-ordinations are initially random, and will automatically re-arrange to minimize complexity based on distance between relationships. Mouse down and drag to pan. Right click on the strategic diagram toggles between motion and stationary. Hover over abstract node (orange) to view abstractions. Hover over leaf node to view corresponding narrative. Left click on the leaf node expands the narrative to view full text.

Narrative Analysis - Report

Key Focus

Under the researchers'proposal, having one copy of APOE4 would continue to be considered a risk factor, not enough to cause Alzheimer's, Dr. Fortea said. It is unusual for diseases to follow that genetic pattern, called "semidominance," with two copies of a variant causing the disease, but one copy only increasing risk, experts said ...

Juan Fortea, an author of the study and the director of the Sant Pau Memory Unit in Barcelona, Spain. "Sometimes we say that we don't know the cause of Alzheimer's disease," but, he said, this would mean that about 15 to 20 percent of cases "can be tracked back to a cause, and the cause is in the genes." ...

No momentum supporting factor found

Challenge supporting factors

(alzheimer,disease,increasing)

(alzheimer,disease,risk,increasing)

(alzheimer,experts,increasing)

(alzheimer,risk,increasing)

(disease,increasing)

(disease,risk,increasing)

(risk,increasing)

(alzheimer,disease,experts)

(alzheimer,disease,risk,experts)

(alzheimer,risk,experts)

(disease,experts)

(disease,risk,experts)

Work-in-progress supporting factors

(alzheimer,disease,fortea)

(alzheimer,apoe4,homozygotes)

(apoe4,apoe,alzheimer,homozygotes)

(risk,apoe3)

(alzheimer,disease,apoe4)

(alzheimer,disease,risk,apoe4)

(disease,risk,apoe4)

(alzheimer,disease,amyloid)

(disease,amyloid)

(alzheimer,amyloid,syndrome-associated)

(alzheimer,disease,syndrome-associated)

(alzheimer,syndrome-associated)

(disease,syndrome-associated)

(alzheimer,disease,sant_pau_memory_unit)

(disease,sant_pau_memory_unit)

Time Period	Challenge	Momentum	WIP
Report	6.05	0.00	93.95

High Level Abstraction (HLA) combined

High Level Abstraction (HLA)	Report
(1) (alzheimer,disease,fortea)	100.00
(2) (alzheimer,apoe4,homozygotes)	60.66
(3) (apoe4,apoe,alzheimer,homozygotes)	59.65
(4) (alzheimer,disease,increasing)	59.52
(5) (alzheimer,disease,risk,increasing)	58.78
(6) (alzheimer,experts,increasing)	58.37
(7) (alzheimer,risk,increasing)	58.04
(8) (risk,apoe3)	57.97
(9) (disease,increasing)	57.90
(10) (disease,risk,increasing)	57.70
(11) (risk,increasing)	57.57
(12) (alzheimer,disease,experts)	57.50
(13) (alzheimer,disease,risk,experts)	56.76
(14) (alzheimer,risk,experts)	56.02
(15) (disease,experts)	55.82
(16) (disease,risk,experts)	55.62
(17) (alzheimer,disease,apoe4)	55.48
(18) (alzheimer,disease,risk,apoe4)	54.74
(19) (disease,risk,apoe4)	54.14
(20) (alzheimer,disease,amyloid)	54.07
(21) (disease,amyloid)	53.60
(22) (alzheimer,amyloid,syndrome-associated)	53.19
(23) (alzheimer,disease,syndrome-associated)	52.52
(24) (alzheimer,syndrome-associated)	52.39
(25) (disease,syndrome-associated)	52.32
(26) (alzheimer,disease,sant_pau_memory_unit)	51.85
(27) (disease,sant_pau_memory_unit)	51.65
(28) (alzheimer,amyloid,fuel)	51.38
(29) (alzheimer,disease,fuel)	50.91
(30) (disease,fuel)	50.50
(31) (disease,fortea)	49.23
(32) (alzheimer,disease,director)	49.16
(33) (disease,director)	49.02
(34) (alzheimer,treatments,united_states)	48.89
(35) (alzheimer,united_states)	48.82
(36) (alzheimer,amyloid,two-copy)	48.35
(37) (alzheimer,treatments,two-copy)	48.29
(38) (alzheimer,amyloid,experts)	48.02
(39) (alzheimer,treatments,experts)	47.48
(40) (alzheimer,amyloid,drug)	47.28
(41) (alzheimer,experts,drug)	46.87
(42) (alzheimer,treatments,drug)	46.67
(43) (alzheimer,treatments,amyloid)	46.27
(44) (alzheimer,risk,apoe4,increase)	45.73
(45) (apoe4,apoe,risk,alzheimer,increase)	45.19
(46) (apoe4,apoe,risk,increase)	43.44
(47) (apoe4,risk,increase)	42.57
(48) (alzheimer,risk,apoe4,ethnicities)	42.30
(49) (apoe4,apoe,risk,alzheimer,ethnicities)	41.76
(50) (apoe4,apoe,risk,ethnicities)	39.95
(51) (apoe4,risk,ethnicities)	38.94
(52) (alzheimer,risk,apoe4,biological)	38.87
(53) (apoe4,apoe,risk,alzheimer,biological)	38.26
(54) (apoe4,apoe,risk,biological)	36.52
(55) (apoe4,risk,biological)	35.31
(56) (alzheimer,risk,population)	35.24
(57) (risk,population)	35.10
(58) (alzheimer,apoe3)	35.04
(59) (alzheimer,risk,apoe3)	34.70
(60) (alzheimer,risk,stanford_university_school)	34.50
(61) (risk,stanford_university_school)	34.36
(62) (alzheimer,risk,neurologist)	34.30
(63) (risk,neurologist)	34.16
(64) (alzheimer,risk,increase)	34.10
(65) (alzheimer,risk,greicius)	34.03
(66) (risk,greicius)	33.89
(67) (alzheimer,risk,ethnicities)	33.83
(68) (alzheimer,population,apoe3)	33.69
(69) (alzheimer,population,homozygotes)	33.02
(70) (alzheimer,apoe4,experts)	31.00
(71) (alzheimer,population,experts)	30.67
(72) (apoe4,apoe,alzheimer,experts)	30.20
(73) (alzheimer,population,apoe4)	28.24
(74) (alzheimer,experts,two-copy)	27.91
(75) (alzheimer,two-copy)	27.84
(76) (alzheimer,scientists)	25.55
(77) (apoe4,apoe,risk,white)	24.61
(78) (apoe4,risk,white)	24.08
(79) (risk,white)	23.94
(80) (apoe4,apoe,risk,apoe3)	23.87
(81) (apoe4,risk,apoe3)	23.60
(82) (apoe4,apoe,risk,scientists)	22.53
(83) (apoe4,risk,scientists)	21.99
(84) (risk,scientists)	21.79
(85) (apoe4,apoe,increases)	21.18
(86) (apoe4,apoe,risk,increases)	19.84
(87) (apoe4,increases)	19.10
(88) (apoe4,risk,increases)	18.90
(89) (risk,increases)	18.76
(90) (apoe4,apoe,increased)	18.29
(91) (apoe4,apoe,risk,increased)	16.95
(92) (apoe4,increased)	16.07
(93) (apoe4,risk,increased)	15.87
(94) (risk,increased)	15.74
(95) (apoe4,apoe,risk,cowrote)	15.60
(96) (apoe4,risk,cowrote)	14.46
(97) (apoe4,greicius)	13.52
(98) (apoe4,apoe,treatments)	13.32
(99) (apoe4,treatments)	13.18
(100) (apoe4,apoe,therapies)	12.10

Supporting narratives:

Please refer to knowledge diagram for a complete set of supporting narratives.

challenge - Back to HLA

It is unusual for diseases to follow that genetic pattern, called "semidominance," with two copies of a variant causing the disease, but one copy only increasing risk, experts said. ...
High Level Abstractions:

(risk,increasing)
(alzheimer,risk,increasing)
(disease,experts)
(alzheimer,disease,experts)
(disease,risk,experts)
(alzheimer,risk,experts)
(alzheimer,disease,increasing)
(disease,increasing)
(alzheimer,experts,increasing)
(disease,risk,increasing)
(alzheimer,disease,risk,experts)
(alzheimer,disease,risk,increasing)
Inferred entity relationships (18)
(alzheimer,experts,risk) [inferred]
(alzheimer,experts,increasing) [inferred]
(alzheimer,disease,syndrome-associated) [inferred]
(alzheimer,disease,sant_pau_memory_unit) [inferred]
(increasing,risk) [inferred]
(alzheimer,experts,treatments) [inferred]
(alzheimer,disease,experts) [inferred]
(alzheimer,disease,experts,risk) [inferred]
(alzheimer,disease,increasing) [inferred]
(disease,increasing) [inferred]
(alzheimer,disease,fuel) [inferred]
(alzheimer,experts,population) [inferred]
(alzheimer,disease,fortea) [inferred]
(disease,increasing,risk) [inferred]
(disease,experts) [inferred]
(alzheimer,experts,two-copy) [inferred]
(disease,experts,risk) [inferred]
(alzheimer,disease,increasing,risk) [inferred]

WIP - Back to HLA

"One important argument against their interpretation is that the risk of Alzheimer's disease in APOE4 homozygotes varies substantially across different genetic ancestries," said Dr. ...
High Level Abstractions:

(apoe4,apoe,alzheimer,homozygotes)
(disease,risk,apoe4)
(alzheimer,disease,apoe4)
(alzheimer,disease,risk,apoe4)
(alzheimer,apoe4,homozygotes)
Inferred entity relationships (34)
(apoe,apoe4,increase,risk) [inferred]
(apoe,apoe4,increases,risk) [inferred]
(alzheimer,apoe4,biological,risk) [inferred]
(alzheimer,apoe4,increase,risk) [inferred]
(alzheimer,apoe,apoe4,increase,risk) [inferred]
(apoe,apoe4,biological,risk) [inferred]
(apoe4,disease,individuals) [inferred]
(apoe,apoe4,treatments) [inferred]
(apoe,apoe4,increased,risk) [inferred]
(alzheimer,apoe4,population) [inferred]
(alzheimer,apoe,apoe4,experts) [inferred]
(apoe,apoe4,increased) [inferred]
(apoe,apoe4,therapies) [inferred]
(apoe,apoe4,prompt) [inferred]
(alzheimer,apoe4,disease) [inferred]
(alzheimer,apoe,apoe4,individuals) [inferred]
(apoe,apoe4,questions) [inferred]
(apoe,apoe4,risk,white) [inferred]
(apoe,apoe4,scientists) [inferred]
(apoe4,disease,risk) [inferred]
(apoe,apoe4,risk,scientists) [inferred]
(alzheimer,apoe4,disease,risk) [inferred]
(apoe,apoe4,greicius) [inferred]
(apoe,apoe4,disease,individuals) [inferred]
(apoe,apoe4,cowrote,risk) [inferred]
(alzheimer,apoe,apoe4,ethnicities,risk) [inferred]
(alzheimer,apoe4,experts) [inferred]
(alzheimer,apoe4,ethnicities,risk) [inferred]
(alzheimer,apoe,apoe4,disease,individuals) [inferred]
(apoe,apoe4,increases) [inferred]
(alzheimer,apoe4,homozygotes) [inferred]
(apoe,apoe4,ethnicities,risk) [inferred]
(alzheimer,apoe,apoe4,population) [inferred]
(alzheimer,apoe,apoe4,biological,risk) [inferred]

WIP - Back to HLA

Others are people with Down syndrome, who have three copies of a chromosome containing a protein that often leads to what is called Down syndrome-associated Alzheimer's disease.. . Dr. Sperling said the genetic alterations in those cases are believed to fuel buildup of amyloid, while APOE4 is believed to interfere with clearing amyloid buildup. ...
High Level Abstractions:

(alzheimer,amyloid,fuel)
(alzheimer,disease,fuel)
(alzheimer,disease,amyloid)
(disease,amyloid)
(disease,fuel)
Inferred entity relationships (16)
(alzheimer,disease,syndrome-associated) [inferred]
(amyloid,disease) [inferred]
(alzheimer,disease,sant_pau_memory_unit) [inferred]
(alzheimer,amyloid,fuel) [inferred]
(alzheimer,amyloid,treatments) [inferred]
(alzheimer,disease,fortea) [inferred]
(alzheimer,amyloid,syndrome-associated) [inferred]
(alzheimer,amyloid,two-copy) [inferred]
(alzheimer,disease,experts) [inferred]
(alzheimer,disease,experts,risk) [inferred]
(alzheimer,disease,increasing) [inferred]
(disease,fuel) [inferred]
(alzheimer,amyloid,drug) [inferred]
(alzheimer,amyloid,experts) [inferred]
(alzheimer,amyloid,disease) [inferred]
(alzheimer,disease,increasing,risk) [inferred]

WIP - Back to HLA

Others are people with Down syndrome, who have three copies of a chromosome containing a protein that often leads to what is called Down syndrome-associated Alzheimer's disease.. . Dr. Sperling said the genetic alterations in those cases are believed to fuel buildup of amyloid, while APOE4 is believed to interfere with clearing amyloid buildup ...
High Level Abstractions:

(alzheimer,amyloid,syndrome-associated)
(alzheimer,disease,syndrome-associated)
(disease,syndrome-associated)
(alzheimer,syndrome-associated)
Inferred entity relationships (14)
(alzheimer,disease,sant_pau_memory_unit) [inferred]
(alzheimer,amyloid,fuel) [inferred]
(alzheimer,amyloid,treatments) [inferred]
(alzheimer,disease,fortea) [inferred]
(alzheimer,amyloid,two-copy) [inferred]
(alzheimer,disease,experts) [inferred]
(alzheimer,disease,experts,risk) [inferred]
(disease,syndrome-associated) [inferred]
(alzheimer,disease,increasing) [inferred]
(alzheimer,amyloid,drug) [inferred]
(alzheimer,disease,fuel) [inferred]
(alzheimer,amyloid,disease) [inferred]
(alzheimer,amyloid,experts) [inferred]
(alzheimer,disease,increasing,risk) [inferred]

WIP - Back to HLA

Juan Fortea, an author of the study and the director of the Sant Pau Memory Unit in Barcelona, Spain. "Sometimes we say that we don't know the cause of Alzheimer's disease," but, he said, this would mean that about 15 to 20 percent of cases "can be tracked back to a cause, and the cause is in the genes." ...
High Level Abstractions:

(alzheimer,disease,sant_pau_memory_unit)
(disease,fortea)
(disease,sant_pau_memory_unit)
(alzheimer,disease,fortea)
(alzheimer,disease,director)
(disease,director)
Inferred entity relationships (11)
(alzheimer,disease,syndrome-associated) [inferred]
(alzheimer,disease,sant_pau_memory_unit) [inferred]
(alzheimer,disease,fortea) [inferred]
(disease,sant_pau_memory_unit) [inferred]
(alzheimer,disease,experts) [inferred]
(alzheimer,disease,experts,risk) [inferred]
(alzheimer,disease,increasing) [inferred]
(disease,fortea) [inferred]
(director,disease) [inferred]
(alzheimer,disease,fuel) [inferred]
(alzheimer,disease,increasing,risk) [inferred]

WIP - Back to HLA

Under the researchers'proposal, having one copy of APOE4 would continue to be considered a risk factor, not enough to cause Alzheimer's, Dr. Fortea said. It is unusual for diseases to follow that genetic pattern, called "semidominance," with two copies of a variant causing the disease, but one copy only increasing risk, experts said ...
High Level Abstractions:

(alzheimer,disease,fortea)
Inferred entity relationships (8)
(alzheimer,disease,experts,risk) [inferred]
(alzheimer,disease,syndrome-associated) [inferred]
(alzheimer,disease,sant_pau_memory_unit) [inferred]
(alzheimer,disease,increasing) [inferred]
(disease,fortea) [inferred]
(alzheimer,disease,fuel) [inferred]
(alzheimer,disease,experts) [inferred]
(alzheimer,disease,increasing,risk) [inferred]

WIP - Back to HLA

It could also mean that hundreds of thousands of people in the United States alone could, if they chose, receive a diagnosis of Alzheimer's before developing any symptoms of cognitive decline, although there currently are no treatments for people at that stage ...
High Level Abstractions:

(alzheimer,united_states)
(alzheimer,treatments,united_states)
Inferred entity relationships (1)
(alzheimer,treatments,two-copy) [inferred]

WIP - Back to HLA

Alzheimer's experts not involved in the study said classifying the two-copy condition as genetically determined Alzheimer's could have significant implications, including encouraging drug development beyond the field's recent major focus on treatments that target and reduce amyloid ...
High Level Abstractions:

(alzheimer,treatments,experts)
(alzheimer,treatments,two-copy)
(alzheimer,amyloid,drug)
(alzheimer,experts,drug)
(alzheimer,amyloid,two-copy)
(alzheimer,amyloid,experts)
(alzheimer,treatments,drug)
Inferred entity relationships (14)
(alzheimer,experts,increasing) [inferred]
(alzheimer,experts,risk) [inferred]
(alzheimer,drug,experts) [inferred]
(alzheimer,amyloid,fuel) [inferred]
(alzheimer,amyloid,treatments) [inferred]
(alzheimer,amyloid,syndrome-associated) [inferred]
(alzheimer,drug,treatments) [inferred]
(alzheimer,treatments,united_states) [inferred]
(alzheimer,amyloid,two-copy) [inferred]
(alzheimer,amyloid,drug) [inferred]
(alzheimer,experts,two-copy) [inferred]
(alzheimer,experts,population) [inferred]
(alzheimer,amyloid,disease) [inferred]
(alzheimer,amyloid,experts) [inferred]

WIP - Back to HLA

Alzheimer's experts not involved in the study said classifying the two-copy condition as genetically determined Alzheimer's could have significant implications, including encouraging drug development beyond the field's recent major focus on treatments that target and reduce amyloid. ...
High Level Abstractions:

(alzheimer,treatments,amyloid)
Inferred entity relationships (6)
(alzheimer,amyloid,fuel) [inferred]
(alzheimer,amyloid,drug) [inferred]
(alzheimer,amyloid,syndrome-associated) [inferred]
(alzheimer,amyloid,disease) [inferred]
(alzheimer,amyloid,experts) [inferred]
(alzheimer,amyloid,two-copy) [inferred]

WIP - Back to HLA

Most patients in the study had European ancestry. While two copies of APOE4 also greatly increase Alzheimer's risk in other ethnicities, the risk levels differ, said Dr. ...
High Level Abstractions:

(apoe4,apoe,risk,increase)
(alzheimer,risk,apoe4,ethnicities)
(alzheimer,risk,apoe4,increase)
(apoe4,apoe,risk,alzheimer,ethnicities)
(apoe4,risk,ethnicities)
(apoe4,apoe,risk,ethnicities)
(apoe4,risk,increase)
(apoe4,apoe,risk,alzheimer,increase)
Inferred entity relationships (35)
(apoe,apoe4,increase,risk) [inferred]
(apoe,apoe4,increases,risk) [inferred]
(alzheimer,apoe4,biological,risk) [inferred]
(alzheimer,apoe4,increase,risk) [inferred]
(alzheimer,apoe,apoe4,increase,risk) [inferred]
(apoe,apoe4,biological,risk) [inferred]
(apoe,apoe4,treatments) [inferred]
(apoe,apoe4,increased,risk) [inferred]
(alzheimer,apoe4,population) [inferred]
(alzheimer,apoe,apoe4,experts) [inferred]
(apoe,apoe4,increased) [inferred]
(apoe,apoe4,therapies) [inferred]
(apoe,apoe4,prompt) [inferred]
(alzheimer,apoe4,disease) [inferred]
(alzheimer,apoe,apoe4,individuals) [inferred]
(apoe,apoe4,questions) [inferred]
(apoe,apoe4,risk,white) [inferred]
(apoe,apoe4,scientists) [inferred]
(apoe,apoe4,risk,scientists) [inferred]
(alzheimer,apoe4,disease,risk) [inferred]
(apoe4,increase,risk) [inferred]
(apoe,apoe4,greicius) [inferred]
(apoe,apoe4,disease,individuals) [inferred]
(apoe,apoe4,cowrote,risk) [inferred]
(apoe4,ethnicities,risk) [inferred]
(alzheimer,apoe,apoe4,ethnicities,risk) [inferred]
(alzheimer,apoe4,experts) [inferred]
(alzheimer,apoe4,ethnicities,risk) [inferred]
(alzheimer,apoe,apoe4,disease,individuals) [inferred]
(alzheimer,apoe,apoe4,homozygotes) [inferred]
(apoe,apoe4,increases) [inferred]
(alzheimer,apoe4,homozygotes) [inferred]
(apoe,apoe4,ethnicities,risk) [inferred]
(alzheimer,apoe,apoe4,population) [inferred]
(alzheimer,apoe,apoe4,biological,risk) [inferred]

WIP - Back to HLA

The researchers found that almost all of those patients developed the biological pathology of Alzheimer's, and the authors say that two copies of APOE4 should now be considered a cause of Alzheimer's - not simply a risk factor ...
High Level Abstractions:

(alzheimer,risk,apoe4,biological)
(apoe4,apoe,risk,biological)
(apoe4,apoe,risk,alzheimer,biological)
(apoe4,risk,biological)
Inferred entity relationships (32)
(apoe,apoe4,increase,risk) [inferred]
(apoe,apoe4,increases,risk) [inferred]
(alzheimer,apoe4,increase,risk) [inferred]
(alzheimer,apoe,apoe4,increase,risk) [inferred]
(apoe,apoe4,biological,risk) [inferred]
(apoe,apoe4,treatments) [inferred]
(apoe,apoe4,increased,risk) [inferred]
(alzheimer,apoe4,population) [inferred]
(alzheimer,apoe,apoe4,experts) [inferred]
(apoe,apoe4,increased) [inferred]
(apoe,apoe4,therapies) [inferred]
(apoe,apoe4,prompt) [inferred]
(alzheimer,apoe4,disease) [inferred]
(alzheimer,apoe,apoe4,individuals) [inferred]
(apoe,apoe4,questions) [inferred]
(apoe,apoe4,risk,white) [inferred]
(apoe,apoe4,scientists) [inferred]
(apoe,apoe4,risk,scientists) [inferred]
(alzheimer,apoe4,disease,risk) [inferred]
(apoe,apoe4,greicius) [inferred]
(apoe,apoe4,disease,individuals) [inferred]
(apoe,apoe4,cowrote,risk) [inferred]
(alzheimer,apoe,apoe4,ethnicities,risk) [inferred]
(alzheimer,apoe4,experts) [inferred]
(alzheimer,apoe4,ethnicities,risk) [inferred]
(alzheimer,apoe,apoe4,disease,individuals) [inferred]
(alzheimer,apoe,apoe4,homozygotes) [inferred]
(apoe,apoe4,increases) [inferred]
(alzheimer,apoe4,homozygotes) [inferred]
(apoe4,biological,risk) [inferred]
(apoe,apoe4,ethnicities,risk) [inferred]
(alzheimer,apoe,apoe4,population) [inferred]

WIP - Back to HLA

The most common variant is called APOE3, which seems to have a neutral effect on Alzheimer's risk. About 75 percent of the general population has one copy of APOE3, and more than half of the general population has two copies. ...
High Level Abstractions:

(alzheimer,risk,population)
(risk,population)
Inferred entity relationships (1)
(population,risk) [inferred]

WIP - Back to HLA

. The most common variant is called APOE3, which seems to have a neutral effect on Alzheimer's risk. About 75 percent of the general population has one copy of APOE3, and more than half of the general population has two copies ...
High Level Abstractions:

(alzheimer,apoe3)
(alzheimer,risk,apoe3)
(risk,apoe3)
Inferred entity relationships (4)
(alzheimer,apoe3) [inferred]
(apoe3,risk) [inferred]
(alzheimer,apoe3,risk) [inferred]
(alzheimer,apoe3,population) [inferred]

WIP - Back to HLA

While two copies of APOE4 also greatly increase Alzheimer's risk in other ethnicities, the risk levels differ, said Dr. Michael Greicius, a neurologist at Stanford University School of Medicine who was not involved in the research. ...
High Level Abstractions:

(alzheimer,risk,stanford_university_school)
(risk,stanford_university_school)
(risk,neurologist)
(alzheimer,risk,neurologist)
Inferred entity relationships (2)
(risk,stanford_university_school) [inferred]
(neurologist,risk) [inferred]

WIP - Back to HLA

Most patients in the study had European ancestry. While two copies of APOE4 also greatly increase Alzheimer's risk in other ethnicities, the risk levels differ, said Dr. Michael Greicius, a neurologist at Stanford University School of Medicine who was not involved in the research ...
High Level Abstractions:

(alzheimer,risk,increase)
(alzheimer,risk,ethnicities)

WIP - Back to HLA

While two copies of APOE4 also greatly increase Alzheimer's risk in other ethnicities, the risk levels differ, said Dr. Michael Greicius, a neurologist at Stanford University School of Medicine who was not involved in the research ...
High Level Abstractions:

(alzheimer,risk,greicius)
(risk,greicius)
Inferred entity relationships (1)
(greicius,risk) [inferred]

WIP - Back to HLA

The most common variant is called APOE3, which seems to have a neutral effect on Alzheimer's risk. About 75 percent of the general population has one copy of APOE3, and more than half of the general population has two copies ...
High Level Abstractions:

(alzheimer,population,apoe3)
Inferred entity relationships (2)
(alzheimer,apoe3) [inferred]
(alzheimer,apoe3,risk) [inferred]

WIP - Back to HLA

People with two copies, known as APOE4 homozygotes, make up 2 to 3 percent of the general population, but are an estimated 15 to 20 percent of people with Alzheimer's dementia, experts said ...
High Level Abstractions:

(apoe4,apoe,alzheimer,homozygotes)
(alzheimer,apoe4,homozygotes)
(apoe4,apoe,alzheimer,population)
(alzheimer,population,apoe4)
(alzheimer,population,homozygotes)
Inferred entity relationships (33)
(apoe,apoe4,increase,risk) [inferred]
(apoe,apoe4,increases,risk) [inferred]
(alzheimer,apoe4,biological,risk) [inferred]
(alzheimer,apoe4,increase,risk) [inferred]
(alzheimer,apoe,apoe4,increase,risk) [inferred]
(apoe,apoe4,biological,risk) [inferred]
(apoe,apoe4,treatments) [inferred]
(apoe,apoe4,increased,risk) [inferred]
(alzheimer,apoe4,population) [inferred]
(alzheimer,apoe,apoe4,experts) [inferred]
(apoe,apoe4,increased) [inferred]
(apoe,apoe4,therapies) [inferred]
(apoe,apoe4,prompt) [inferred]
(alzheimer,apoe4,disease) [inferred]
(alzheimer,apoe,apoe4,individuals) [inferred]
(apoe,apoe4,questions) [inferred]
(apoe,apoe4,risk,white) [inferred]
(apoe,apoe4,scientists) [inferred]
(apoe,apoe4,risk,scientists) [inferred]
(alzheimer,apoe4,disease,risk) [inferred]
(apoe,apoe4,greicius) [inferred]
(apoe,apoe4,disease,individuals) [inferred]
(apoe,apoe4,cowrote,risk) [inferred]
(alzheimer,apoe,apoe4,ethnicities,risk) [inferred]
(alzheimer,apoe4,experts) [inferred]
(alzheimer,apoe4,ethnicities,risk) [inferred]
(alzheimer,apoe,apoe4,disease,individuals) [inferred]
(apoe,apoe4,increases) [inferred]
(alzheimer,apoe,apoe4,homozygotes) [inferred]
(alzheimer,apoe4,homozygotes) [inferred]
(apoe,apoe4,ethnicities,risk) [inferred]
(alzheimer,apoe,apoe4,population) [inferred]
(alzheimer,apoe,apoe4,biological,risk) [inferred]

WIP - Back to HLA

People with two copies, known as APOE4 homozygotes, make up 2 to 3 percent of the general population, but are an estimated 15 to 20 percent of people with Alzheimer's dementia, experts said. ...
High Level Abstractions:

(alzheimer,apoe4,experts)
(apoe4,apoe,alzheimer,experts)
(alzheimer,population,experts)
Inferred entity relationships (35)
(alzheimer,experts,increasing) [inferred]
(alzheimer,experts,risk) [inferred]
(apoe,apoe4,increase,risk) [inferred]
(apoe,apoe4,increases,risk) [inferred]
(alzheimer,apoe4,biological,risk) [inferred]
(alzheimer,apoe4,increase,risk) [inferred]
(alzheimer,apoe,apoe4,increase,risk) [inferred]
(apoe,apoe4,biological,risk) [inferred]
(apoe,apoe4,treatments) [inferred]
(apoe,apoe4,increased,risk) [inferred]
(alzheimer,apoe4,population) [inferred]
(alzheimer,experts,treatments) [inferred]
(apoe,apoe4,increased) [inferred]
(apoe,apoe4,therapies) [inferred]
(apoe,apoe4,prompt) [inferred]
(alzheimer,apoe4,disease) [inferred]
(alzheimer,apoe,apoe4,individuals) [inferred]
(apoe,apoe4,questions) [inferred]
(apoe,apoe4,risk,white) [inferred]
(apoe,apoe4,scientists) [inferred]
(apoe,apoe4,risk,scientists) [inferred]
(alzheimer,apoe4,disease,risk) [inferred]
(apoe,apoe4,greicius) [inferred]
(apoe,apoe4,disease,individuals) [inferred]
(apoe,apoe4,cowrote,risk) [inferred]
(alzheimer,apoe,apoe4,ethnicities,risk) [inferred]
(alzheimer,apoe4,ethnicities,risk) [inferred]
(alzheimer,apoe,apoe4,disease,individuals) [inferred]
(alzheimer,apoe,apoe4,homozygotes) [inferred]
(apoe,apoe4,increases) [inferred]
(alzheimer,apoe4,homozygotes) [inferred]
(alzheimer,experts,two-copy) [inferred]
(apoe,apoe4,ethnicities,risk) [inferred]
(alzheimer,apoe,apoe4,population) [inferred]
(alzheimer,apoe,apoe4,biological,risk) [inferred]

WIP - Back to HLA

. Alzheimer's experts not involved in the study said classifying the two-copy condition as genetically determined Alzheimer's could have significant implications, including encouraging drug development beyond the field's recent major focus on treatments that target and reduce amyloid ...
High Level Abstractions:

(alzheimer,experts,two-copy)
(alzheimer,two-copy)
Inferred entity relationships (4)
(alzheimer,experts,increasing) [inferred]
(alzheimer,experts,risk) [inferred]
(alzheimer,experts,population) [inferred]
(alzheimer,experts,treatments) [inferred]

WIP - Back to HLA

. Scientists are proposing a new way of understanding the genetics of Alzheimer's that would mean that up to a fifth of patients would be considered to have a genetically caused form of the disease ...
High Level Abstractions:

(alzheimer,scientists)

WIP - Back to HLA

Greicius, who cowrote a study that found that white people with two copies of APOE4 had 13 times the risk of white people with two copies of APOE3, while Black people with two copies of APOE4 had 6.5 times the risk of Black people with two copies of APOE3 ...
High Level Abstractions:

(apoe4,risk,white)
(apoe4,apoe,risk,apoe3)
(apoe4,apoe,risk,white)
(apoe4,apoe,risk,cowrote)
(risk,white)
(apoe4,risk,apoe3)
(apoe4,risk,cowrote)
(risk,apoe3)
Inferred entity relationships (22)
(apoe,apoe4,increase,risk) [inferred]
(apoe,apoe4,increases,risk) [inferred]
(apoe,apoe4,biological,risk) [inferred]
(apoe,apoe4,treatments) [inferred]
(apoe,apoe4,increased,risk) [inferred]
(apoe,apoe4,increased) [inferred]
(apoe,apoe4,therapies) [inferred]
(apoe,apoe4,prompt) [inferred]
(apoe3,apoe4,risk) [inferred]
(apoe,apoe4,questions) [inferred]
(apoe,apoe4,risk,white) [inferred]
(apoe,apoe4,scientists) [inferred]
(apoe,apoe4,risk,scientists) [inferred]
(apoe,apoe4,greicius) [inferred]
(apoe,apoe4,disease,individuals) [inferred]
(apoe,apoe4,cowrote,risk) [inferred]
(risk,white) [inferred]
(apoe4,risk,white) [inferred]
(apoe4,risk,scientists) [inferred]
(apoe4,cowrote,risk) [inferred]
(apoe,apoe4,increases) [inferred]
(apoe,apoe4,ethnicities,risk) [inferred]

WIP - Back to HLA

The idea involves a gene variant called APOE4. Scientists have long known that inheriting one copy of the variant increases the risk of developing Alzheimer's, and that people with two copies, inherited from each parent, have vastly increased risk ...
High Level Abstractions:

(apoe4,risk,scientists)
(apoe4,apoe,risk,scientists)
(apoe4,apoe,risk,increases)
(apoe4,increases)
(apoe4,risk,increases)
(risk,increases)
(risk,scientists)
(apoe4,apoe,increases)
Inferred entity relationships (23)
(apoe,apoe4,increase,risk) [inferred]
(apoe4,increases) [inferred]
(apoe,apoe4,increases,risk) [inferred]
(risk,scientists) [inferred]
(apoe,apoe4,biological,risk) [inferred]
(apoe,apoe4,treatments) [inferred]
(increases,risk) [inferred]
(apoe,apoe4,increased,risk) [inferred]
(apoe,apoe4,increased) [inferred]
(apoe,apoe4,therapies) [inferred]
(apoe,apoe4,prompt) [inferred]
(apoe,apoe4,questions) [inferred]
(apoe,apoe4,risk,white) [inferred]
(apoe,apoe4,scientists) [inferred]
(apoe,apoe4,risk,scientists) [inferred]
(apoe,apoe4,greicius) [inferred]
(apoe,apoe4,disease,individuals) [inferred]
(apoe,apoe4,cowrote,risk) [inferred]
(apoe4,risk,white) [inferred]
(apoe4,risk,scientists) [inferred]
(apoe,apoe4,increases) [inferred]
(apoe4,increases,risk) [inferred]
(apoe,apoe4,ethnicities,risk) [inferred]

WIP - Back to HLA

Scientists have long known that inheriting one copy of the variant increases the risk of developing Alzheimer's, and that people with two copies, inherited from each parent, have vastly increased risk. ...
High Level Abstractions:

(apoe4,increased)
(apoe4,risk,increased)
(apoe4,apoe,increased)
(risk,increased)
(apoe4,apoe,risk,increased)
Inferred entity relationships (20)
(apoe,apoe4,increase,risk) [inferred]
(apoe,apoe4,increases,risk) [inferred]
(apoe,apoe4,biological,risk) [inferred]
(apoe,apoe4,treatments) [inferred]
(increased,risk) [inferred]
(apoe,apoe4,increased,risk) [inferred]
(apoe,apoe4,increased) [inferred]
(apoe,apoe4,therapies) [inferred]
(apoe,apoe4,prompt) [inferred]
(apoe,apoe4,questions) [inferred]
(apoe,apoe4,risk,white) [inferred]
(apoe,apoe4,scientists) [inferred]
(apoe4,increased,risk) [inferred]
(apoe,apoe4,risk,scientists) [inferred]
(apoe4,increased) [inferred]
(apoe,apoe4,greicius) [inferred]
(apoe,apoe4,disease,individuals) [inferred]
(apoe,apoe4,cowrote,risk) [inferred]
(apoe,apoe4,increases) [inferred]
(apoe,apoe4,ethnicities,risk) [inferred]

WIP - Back to HLA

The new recommendation will prompt questions about whether people should get tested to determine if they have the APOE4 variant.. . Dr. Greicius said that until there were treatments for people with two copies of APOE4 or trials of therapies to prevent them from developing dementia, "My recommendation is if you don't have symptoms, you should definitely not figure out your APOE status." ...
High Level Abstractions:

(apoe4,treatments)
(apoe4,apoe,treatments)
(apoe4,greicius)
Inferred entity relationships (17)
(apoe,apoe4,increase,risk) [inferred]
(apoe,apoe4,increases,risk) [inferred]
(apoe,apoe4,greicius) [inferred]
(apoe,apoe4,disease,individuals) [inferred]
(apoe,apoe4,biological,risk) [inferred]
(apoe,apoe4,cowrote,risk) [inferred]
(apoe4,treatments) [inferred]
(apoe,apoe4,increased,risk) [inferred]
(apoe,apoe4,increased) [inferred]
(apoe,apoe4,therapies) [inferred]
(apoe,apoe4,prompt) [inferred]
(apoe,apoe4,questions) [inferred]
(apoe,apoe4,risk,white) [inferred]
(apoe,apoe4,increases) [inferred]
(apoe,apoe4,scientists) [inferred]
(apoe,apoe4,ethnicities,risk) [inferred]
(apoe,apoe4,risk,scientists) [inferred]

WIP - Back to HLA

Dr. Greicius said that until there were treatments for people with two copies of APOE4 or trials of therapies to prevent them from developing dementia, "My recommendation is if you don't have symptoms, you should definitely not figure out your APOE status." ...
High Level Abstractions:

(apoe4,apoe,therapies)
(apoe4,therapies)
Inferred entity relationships (17)
(apoe,apoe4,increase,risk) [inferred]
(apoe,apoe4,increases,risk) [inferred]
(apoe,apoe4,greicius) [inferred]
(apoe,apoe4,disease,individuals) [inferred]
(apoe,apoe4,biological,risk) [inferred]
(apoe,apoe4,cowrote,risk) [inferred]
(apoe,apoe4,treatments) [inferred]
(apoe4,therapies) [inferred]
(apoe,apoe4,increased,risk) [inferred]
(apoe,apoe4,increased) [inferred]
(apoe,apoe4,prompt) [inferred]
(apoe,apoe4,questions) [inferred]
(apoe,apoe4,risk,white) [inferred]
(apoe,apoe4,increases) [inferred]
(apoe,apoe4,scientists) [inferred]
(apoe,apoe4,ethnicities,risk) [inferred]
(apoe,apoe4,risk,scientists) [inferred]

WIP - Back to HLA

"Sometimes we say that we don't know the cause of Alzheimer's disease," but, he said, this would mean that about 15 to 20 percent of cases "can be tracked back to a cause, and the cause is in the genes.". . The idea involves a gene variant called APOE4. Scientists have long known that inheriting one copy of the variant increases the risk of developing Alzheimer's, and that people with two copies, inherited from each parent, have vastly increased risk ...
High Level Abstractions:

(apoe4,apoe,scientists)
(apoe4,scientists)
Inferred entity relationships (17)
(apoe,apoe4,increase,risk) [inferred]
(apoe,apoe4,increases,risk) [inferred]
(apoe,apoe4,greicius) [inferred]
(apoe,apoe4,disease,individuals) [inferred]
(apoe,apoe4,biological,risk) [inferred]
(apoe,apoe4,cowrote,risk) [inferred]
(apoe,apoe4,treatments) [inferred]
(apoe4,scientists) [inferred]
(apoe,apoe4,increased,risk) [inferred]
(apoe,apoe4,increased) [inferred]
(apoe,apoe4,therapies) [inferred]
(apoe,apoe4,prompt) [inferred]
(apoe,apoe4,questions) [inferred]
(apoe,apoe4,risk,white) [inferred]
(apoe,apoe4,increases) [inferred]
(apoe,apoe4,ethnicities,risk) [inferred]
(apoe,apoe4,risk,scientists) [inferred]

WIP - Back to HLA

The new recommendation will prompt questions about whether people should get tested to determine if they have the APOE4 variant.. . Dr ...
High Level Abstractions:

(apoe4,apoe,questions)
(apoe4,questions)
Inferred entity relationships (17)
(apoe,apoe4,increase,risk) [inferred]
(apoe4,questions) [inferred]
(apoe,apoe4,increases,risk) [inferred]
(apoe,apoe4,greicius) [inferred]
(apoe,apoe4,disease,individuals) [inferred]
(apoe,apoe4,biological,risk) [inferred]
(apoe,apoe4,cowrote,risk) [inferred]
(apoe,apoe4,treatments) [inferred]
(apoe,apoe4,increased,risk) [inferred]
(apoe,apoe4,increased) [inferred]
(apoe,apoe4,therapies) [inferred]
(apoe,apoe4,prompt) [inferred]
(apoe,apoe4,risk,white) [inferred]
(apoe,apoe4,increases) [inferred]
(apoe,apoe4,scientists) [inferred]
(apoe,apoe4,ethnicities,risk) [inferred]
(apoe,apoe4,risk,scientists) [inferred]

WIP - Back to HLA

The new recommendation will prompt questions about whether people should get tested to determine if they have the APOE4 variant. ...
High Level Abstractions:

(apoe4,apoe,prompt)
(apoe4,prompt)
Inferred entity relationships (17)
(apoe,apoe4,increase,risk) [inferred]
(apoe4,prompt) [inferred]
(apoe,apoe4,increases,risk) [inferred]
(apoe,apoe4,greicius) [inferred]
(apoe,apoe4,disease,individuals) [inferred]
(apoe,apoe4,biological,risk) [inferred]
(apoe,apoe4,cowrote,risk) [inferred]
(apoe,apoe4,treatments) [inferred]
(apoe,apoe4,increased,risk) [inferred]
(apoe,apoe4,increased) [inferred]
(apoe,apoe4,therapies) [inferred]
(apoe,apoe4,questions) [inferred]
(apoe,apoe4,risk,white) [inferred]
(apoe,apoe4,increases) [inferred]
(apoe,apoe4,scientists) [inferred]
(apoe,apoe4,ethnicities,risk) [inferred]
(apoe,apoe4,risk,scientists) [inferred]

WIP - Back to HLA

"One important argument against their interpretation is that the risk of Alzheimer's disease in APOE4 homozygotes varies substantially across different genetic ancestries," said Dr. Greicius, who cowrote a study that found that white people with two copies of APOE4 had 13 times the risk of white people with two copies of APOE3, while Black people with two copies of APOE4 had 6.5 times the risk of Black people with two copies of APOE3 ...
High Level Abstractions:

(apoe4,apoe,greicius)
(apoe4,greicius)
Inferred entity relationships (17)
(apoe,apoe4,increase,risk) [inferred]
(apoe,apoe4,increases,risk) [inferred]
(apoe,apoe4,disease,individuals) [inferred]
(apoe,apoe4,biological,risk) [inferred]
(apoe,apoe4,cowrote,risk) [inferred]
(apoe,apoe4,treatments) [inferred]
(apoe4,greicius) [inferred]
(apoe,apoe4,increased,risk) [inferred]
(apoe,apoe4,increased) [inferred]
(apoe,apoe4,therapies) [inferred]
(apoe,apoe4,prompt) [inferred]
(apoe,apoe4,questions) [inferred]
(apoe,apoe4,risk,white) [inferred]
(apoe,apoe4,increases) [inferred]
(apoe,apoe4,scientists) [inferred]
(apoe,apoe4,ethnicities,risk) [inferred]
(apoe,apoe4,risk,scientists) [inferred]

WIP - Back to HLA

"The critical thing is that these individuals are often symptomatic 10 years earlier than other forms of Alzheimer's disease," said Dr ...
High Level Abstractions:

(apoe4,disease,individuals)
(apoe4,apoe,alzheimer,disease,individuals)
(apoe4,apoe,disease,individuals)
(apoe4,apoe,alzheimer,individuals)
Inferred entity relationships (27)
(apoe,apoe4,increase,risk) [inferred]
(apoe,apoe4,increases,risk) [inferred]
(alzheimer,apoe,apoe4,increase,risk) [inferred]
(apoe,apoe4,biological,risk) [inferred]
(apoe,apoe4,treatments) [inferred]
(apoe4,disease,individuals) [inferred]
(apoe,apoe4,increased,risk) [inferred]
(alzheimer,apoe,apoe4,experts) [inferred]
(apoe,apoe4,increased) [inferred]
(apoe,apoe4,therapies) [inferred]
(apoe,apoe4,prompt) [inferred]
(alzheimer,apoe,apoe4,individuals) [inferred]
(apoe,apoe4,questions) [inferred]
(apoe,apoe4,risk,white) [inferred]
(apoe,apoe4,scientists) [inferred]
(apoe4,disease,risk) [inferred]
(apoe,apoe4,risk,scientists) [inferred]
(apoe,apoe4,greicius) [inferred]
(apoe,apoe4,disease,individuals) [inferred]
(apoe,apoe4,cowrote,risk) [inferred]
(alzheimer,apoe,apoe4,ethnicities,risk) [inferred]
(alzheimer,apoe,apoe4,disease,individuals) [inferred]
(alzheimer,apoe,apoe4,homozygotes) [inferred]
(apoe,apoe4,increases) [inferred]
(apoe,apoe4,ethnicities,risk) [inferred]
(alzheimer,apoe,apoe4,population) [inferred]
(alzheimer,apoe,apoe4,biological,risk) [inferred]

WIP - Back to HLA

By age 55, over 95 percent had biological markers associated with the disease. By 65, almost all had abnormal levels of a protein called amyloid that forms plaques in the brain, a hallmark of Alzheimer's. ...
High Level Abstractions:

(disease,amyloid)

Semantics Relevance

Study Suggests Genetics as a Cause, Not Just a Risk, for Some Alzheimer's